| Date | May 2019 | Marks available | 15 | Reference code | 19M.3op3.HL.TZ0.15 |
| Level | Higher level only | Paper | Paper 3 (History of Asia and Oceania) | Time zone | TZ0 |
| Command term | Discuss | Question number | 15 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Section 8: British colonialism and emerging national identities in Oceania (1788–1919)
“The economic impact of the gold rushes was more significant than their social impact.” Discuss.
Markscheme
The question requires that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the statement. Candidates may offer equal coverage of economic and social aspects, or they may emphasize their discussion of one over the other. However, both aspects will be a feature of the response. Candidates may refer to positive economic effects such as the booming economies of the different colonies in Australia—particularly Victoria—and in New Zealand, the significant growth of imports and the boost in business investment, which stimulated the market for local produce and infrastructure. Negative economic effects were felt in some large city centres, with labour shortages and inflation of goods. Social effects may include the significant increase in immigration and population growth; feelings of miner discontent, which forged democratic ideals; the acceleration of an end to convict transportation to Australia. Candidates may agree, partly agree or disagree with the statement.
Examiners report
Candidates were required to offer a considered and balanced review of the statement that the economic impact of the gold rushes was more significant than their social impact. Candidates needed to consider social and economic impacts but there did not need to be equal coverage of both.
