Compare and contrast the impact of the Spanish and Dutch settlements in East Asia and South-East Asia.

The question requires that candidates give an account of the similarities and differences between the impact of the Spanish and Dutch settlements in East Asia and South-East Asia in the given timeframe for the section, referring to both throughout. The similarities and differences must be clearly indicated, but there does not need to be an equal number of each. Candidates may note that the Spanish in the Philippines and the Dutch in the East Indies established settlements at different times with different aims. They may adopt a chronological approach and/or they may identify the similarities and the differences separately. Candidates may consider an integrated approach and refer to the impact of both in areas such as political and bureaucratic structures, agriculture and trade, relations with the indigenous population and the level of violence used to maintain control, religious and missionary activity, and the lifestyles of the colonial masters. These may not all be covered or covered equally. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.