Compare and contrast the causes of ethnic conflict in two African countries.

Candidates will give an account of the similarities and differences between two African countries in terms of the causes of ethnic conflict, referring to both throughout. There does not have to be equal number of causes for each. Candidates may identify the social, economic and political causes of ethnic conflicts. They may refer to economic factors such as disputes over land and boundaries; resources or trade routes; feeling of inequality and demand for inclusion in societies with many ethnic groups; religious and cultural differences; historic factors and traditions of conflict between certain groups; ideological differences, particularly political tension, especially in nations moving from one-party states. Interference from outside forces seeking to create conflict for their own purposes may also be considered. Candidates may also look at the role played by media sensationalism in hyping ethnic conflict. Candidates’ opinions and conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.