“Ideology was the main cause of ethnic conflict.” Discuss with reference to two African states.

Candidates will offer a considered and balanced review of the statement with regard to two post-independence African states. Candidates may offer equal coverage of both states or they may emphasize their discussion of one over the other; however, both states will be a feature of the response. A comparative approach may or may not be used. Candidates may refer to religious or political ideologies; social ideology such as ideas of racial superiority, as may have been the case with Hutu–Tutsi rivalry in Rwanda and Burundi. While other factors may be referred to such as economic rivalries, as was the case in the Nigerian Civil War; external influences and conflict resulting from political crisis situations or ecological change; the bulk of the response will remain on the issue raised in the question. Candidates may agree, partly agree, or disagree with the statement.