Date | November 2020 | Marks available | 15 | Reference code | 20N.3op4.HL.TZ0.17 |
Level | Higher level only | Paper | Paper 3 (History of Europe) | Time zone | TZ0 |
Command term | To what extent | Question number | 17 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Section 9: France (1815–1914)
To what extent were the policies of Charles X the main reason for the establishment of the July Monarchy?
Markscheme
The question requires that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the view that it was the policies of Charles X that led to his abdication and the establishment of the July Monarchy. Policies to consider could include: compensation for émigrés, the return of the Jesuits and the introduction of the death penalty for sacrilege; these all led to the growth of an opposition press led by Thiers. Polignac’s appointment as chief minister increased criticism of Charles. The July Ordinances of 1830 (St. Cloud Ordinances) were an attempt to control the press and reduce the electorate, this led to increased opposition and a workers/bourgeois alliance calling for resistance to the reactionary policies. The regime lost control of the situation in July; Louis Philippe accepted the Tricolor flag and despite Charles’ abdication in favor of his grandson, Louis Philippe was proclaimed King of the French in August. Responses could argue that the policies were largely responsible for the Revolution of 1830, but that it was a middle-class revolution not a republican one, that wanted a moderate monarchy. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.
Examiners report
The question required that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the view that it was the policies of Charles X that led to his abdication and the establishment of the July Monarchy.