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Date November 2020 Marks available 15 Reference code 20N.3op4.HL.TZ0.17
Level Higher level only Paper Paper 3 (History of Europe) Time zone TZ0
Command term To what extent Question number 17 Adapted from N/A

Question

Section 9: France (1815–1914)

To what extent were the policies of Charles X the main reason for the establishment of the July Monarchy?

Markscheme

The question requires that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the view that it was the policies of Charles X that led to his abdication and the establishment of the July Monarchy. Policies to consider could include: compensation for émigrés, the return of the Jesuits and the introduction of the death penalty for sacrilege; these all led to the growth of an opposition press led by Thiers. Polignac’s appointment as chief minister increased criticism of Charles. The July Ordinances of 1830 (St. Cloud Ordinances) were an attempt to control the press and reduce the electorate, this led to increased opposition and a workers/bourgeois alliance calling for resistance to the reactionary policies. The regime lost control of the situation in July; Louis Philippe accepted the Tricolor flag and despite Charles’ abdication in favor of his grandson, Louis Philippe was proclaimed King of the French in August. Responses could argue that the policies were largely responsible for the Revolution of 1830, but that it was a middle-class revolution not a republican one, that wanted a moderate monarchy. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

Examiners report

The question required that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the view that it was the policies of Charles X that led to his abdication and the establishment of the July Monarchy.

Syllabus sections

HL options: first exams 2017 » HL option 4: History of Europe » 9: France (1815–1914) » The reigns of Louis XVIII and Charles X: politics and society (1815–1830)
HL options: first exams 2017 » HL option 4: History of Europe » 9: France (1815–1914) » Revolution of 1830 and the July Monarchy of Louis Philippe; reasons for the collapse of the July monarchy
HL options: first exams 2017 » HL option 4: History of Europe » 9: France (1815–1914)
HL options: first exams 2017 » HL option 4: History of Europe
HL options: first exams 2017

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