Evaluate domestic resistance to the Nazis.

The question requires that candidates make an appraisal of the domestic resistance to the Nazis, weighing up its strengths and limitations. Candidates may refer to early resistance from the traditional right and strong conservatives in the military including the Reichswehr’s reluctance to merge with the SA and Beck’s 1938 conspiracy. Candidates may refer to political resistance that came in various forms early on from Communists, Social Democrats, workers and youth movements. Candidates may refer to Jewish groups that formed in opposition to the discriminatory policies. There may be discussion of the actions of both Catholic and Lutheran churches in resisting certain key policies, but the extent of resistance needs evaluation. There may be some discussion as to how the coercive nature of the Nazi state hindered effective resistance but also the fact that there was popular support for the regime. Both strengths and limitations must be clearly indicated but there does not need to be an equal focus on each.