Date | May 2017 | Marks available | 15 | Reference code | 17M.3op4.HL.TZ0.27 |
Level | Higher level only | Paper | Paper 3 (History of Europe) | Time zone | TZ0 |
Command term | To what extent | Question number | 27 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
“Opposition to the Nazi regime was limited and unsuccessful between 1933 and 1939.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
Markscheme
Candidates will offer a considered and balanced review of opposition activity to the regime including political and social opposition and opposition to specific policies. Political opposition could include the Socialist (SPD) vote against the Enabling Bill and the activities of the Social Democratic Part of Germany in Exile (SOPADE). Candidates may mention the opposition of the Reichswehr to Nazification up to 1938, and social opposition may include opposition to the Hitler Youth (Edelweiss Pirates and Navajos). Discussion of religious opposition may focus on the Confessional Church as well as opposition to specific policies (Bishop Galen and euthanasia) but candidates may also argue that, overall, the Church hierarchies offered little opposition.
Candidates may argue that the regime was popular and opposition was limited in scope but successful in relation to specific policies. On the other hand, candidates may argue that it was limited because of the coercive nature of the Nazi state.