“Political instability was the most significant factor in the defeat of the Incas.” Discuss.

The question requires that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the statement that political instability was the main reason for the defeat of the Incas. Causes for the Inca defeat may predate the timeframe, but they must be clearly linked to the issue raised in the question. Candidates may discuss the extent to which the Inca Civil War (1527–1532) encouraged Pizarro to march to Cajamarca. They may discuss the political instability produced by the rivalries between the regions that supported Atahualpa and those supporting Huáscar. They may also refer to the role of Atahualpa in inviting the Spanish into Cusco. While other relevant factors, such as the Spanish technological superiority or the impact of European diseases on the Incas, may be referred to, the bulk of the response will remain on the issue raised in the question. Candidates may agree, partly agree or disagree with the statement.