“The threat of Boulangisme to the French Third Republic was exaggerated.” Discuss.

The question requires that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the statement. For context, Boulanger was Minister of War between 1886 and 1887, establishing his own political movement in 1888. There were rumours he would lead a coup against the Third Republic. Candidates could agree with the statement and point out that no coup attempt was launched, that Boulangist deputies were few in number and there were considerable divisions within the movement. Alternatively, candidates could stress the relative weakness of the Third Republic; the corruption associated with the Presidency of Grévy meant that many turned against mainstream parties. In addition, many in France also desired “revanche” against Germany after the defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. Boulanger capitalized on these patriotic sentiments especially in what was seen as his victory over Bismarck over the Schnaebelé Affair in 1887. Candidates may agree, partly agree or disagree with the statement.

The question required candidates to offer a considered and balanced review of the statement that the threat of Boulangisme to the French Third Republic was exaggerated.