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Date May 2019 Marks available 15 Reference code 19M.3op1.HL.TZ0.6
Level Higher level only Paper Paper 3 (History of Africa and the Middle East) Time zone TZ0
Command term Evaluate Question number 6 Adapted from N/A

Question

Section 3: The Crusades (1095–1291)

Evaluate the consequences of the Fourth Crusade (1202–1204).

Markscheme

The question requires that candidates make an appraisal of the of the consequences of the Fourth Crusade (1202–1204). The Fourth Crusade attacked and captured the Byzantine capital of Constantinople. Candidates may refer to the extensive death and destruction caused by the attack and the looting of the city. The Byzantine Emperor was replaced by a Western leader and the Eastern Church was placed under Roman Catholic leadership. This diversion of the Crusade resulted in an advantage to Muslims in the Middle East as they were not attacked, and the destruction of the Byzantine Empire weakened their major opponent. The Fourth Crusade greatly damaged the prestige of the Crusading movement and reduced support for further expeditions which led to further weakness in the Christian kingdoms of the Middle East. The divide between the Byzantium and Western Europe was deepened for centuries, which further enabled the expansion of Islam. Candidates may also refer to the increased commercial influence of Venice and expanded Latin influence in Greece and the eastern Mediterranean.

Examiners report

The question required that candidates make an appraisal of the of the consequences of the Fourth Crusade (1202–1204). This question was generally quite poorly done as many candidates lacked adequate depth and range of knowledge or adopted a narrative style which did not meet the demands of the question.

Syllabus sections

HL options: first exams 2017 » HL option 1: History of Africa and the Middle East » 3: The Crusades (1095–1291) » The First Crusade (1096–1099); the Second Crusade (1145–1149), Third Crusade (1189–1192) and Fourth Crusade (1202–1204): causes; extent of success; consequences
HL options: first exams 2017 » HL option 1: History of Africa and the Middle East » 3: The Crusades (1095–1291)
HL options: first exams 2017 » HL option 1: History of Africa and the Middle East
HL options: first exams 2017

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