| Date | November 2018 | Marks available | 3 | Reference code | 18N.1.BP.TZ0.9 |
| Level | Both SL and HL | Paper | Paper 1 - first exams 2017 | Time zone | TZ0 |
| Command term | What | Question number | 9 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Source J
Chokyuro Kadono, a leading Japanese businessman and commentator, who had significant interests in Manchuria and China, writing in the article “A Businessman’s View of the Lytton Report” in the Japanese magazine Gaiko Jiho (November 1932).
As has been officially declared by the Imperial Government more than once, Japan has no territorial ambitions in Manchuria. Japan has given formal recognition to Manchuria as an independent state [Manchukuo], assuring it full opportunity for growth and organization ... At the same time, Japan hopes thereby to rescue Manchukuo from the destruction caused by China’s internal disorders and give it opportunity to attain free development, so that it may be able to play its part in easing the world’s economic difficulty by offering a very safe and valuable market in the Far East. This aspect of Japan’s policy should have been quite clear to the Lytton Commission. But unfortunately, the Lytton Report makes an altogether inadequate estimate of Manchuria’s economic value, and entirely fails to do justice to the previously mentioned motive of Japan in recognizing Manchukuo … Japan is fully prepared, in view of the position she rightly occupies among the nations of the world, to do her best to support China in her work of unification and reconstruction to the end that peace may thereby be assured in the Far East. This aspect of Japan’s policy should have been quite clear to the Lytton Commission.
[Source: adapted from A businessman’s view of the Lytton Report, Chokiuro Kadono, published in The Herald of Asia,
Tokyo October 1932; http://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1083&context=moore]
Source L
Bernard Partridge, a cartoonist, depicts the response of the League of Nations to the Manchurian crisis in the cartoon “The Command Courteous” for the British magazine Punch (12 October 1932). The wording on the woman’s cap is “League of Nations”, on the newspaper, “Lytton Report”, on the dog, “Japan” and the bone, “Manchuria”. The caption is “League of Nations, ‘Good dog—drop it!’”.
[Source: Bernard Partridge, The Command Courteous, © National Portrait Gallery, London,
http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/use-this-image.php?mkey=mw43528 ]
What, according to Source J, was Japan’s attitude toward Manchuria/Manchukuo and China?
What does Source L suggest about the position of Japan and the League of Nations regarding the Manchurian crisis?
Markscheme
- Japan had no territorial ambition and/or recognized Manchuria/Manchukuo as an independent state.
- Manchuria/Manchukuo needed to be saved from the ravages of China’s internal disorders.
- Manchuria/Manchukuo should be afforded the chance to develop freely and/or become an important market in the Far East.
- China should be supported to unify and rebuild, thus fostering peace in the region.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses. It is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Award [1] for each relevant point up to a maximum of [3].
- Japan is stubbornly refusing to relinquish control of Manchuria.
- The League, recognizing the findings of the Lytton Report, wants Japan to relinquish control of Manchuria.
- The League is not commanding the situation.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses. It is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Award [1] for each relevant point up to a maximum of [2].
