“The Revolution of 1830 was caused by discontent with Charles X, not enthusiasm for Louis Philippe.” Discuss.

The question requires that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the statement that Louis Philippe came to the throne as a reaction to the bad government of Charles X. Candidates will consider the extent of discontent with Charles X, perhaps arguing that he was a reactionary. In support of this statement, they may cite the increased influence of the Church (especially the Ultramontanes), the St Cloud Ordinances and the appointment of Polignac. They may suggest that all this led to increasing opposition and the likelihood of revolution. Others may argue that Louis Philippe had the support of the middle classes and note that he had actively opposed the reactionary policies of Charles. For middle class politicians, such as Thiers, Charles’s refusal to compromise meant that Louis Philippe was the obvious replacement. Although Louis had limited popular support, he was regarded as a better option than a republic.