Discuss the factors that led to the rise of violent and/or non-violent movements in two countries of Latin America.

Candidates will offer a considered and balanced review of the causes of violent and non-violent movements in any two countries of Latin America. Choices candidates present will vary widely per the countries and movements selected. Candidates may cite the Landless Workers Movement (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra, MST), in Brazil with unequal land distribution as its initial cause though it later sought solutions for housing, credit, health care and education. Another case could be the Madres de la Plaza de Mayo in Argentina, an association of mothers and grandmothers who initially sought explanation for relatives who had “disappeared” during the military dictatorship but later campaigned for prosecution of those responsible for the human rights abuses. For Mexico, candidates could choose the Zapatista National Liberation Army (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, EZLN), which was motivated by opposition to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the privatization of the ejidos.