“The actions of the major powers were the most significant factor in Greece gaining independence in 1831.” Discuss.

Candidates will offer a considered and balanced review of the statement that the actions of the major powers were the most significant factor in Greece gaining independence in 1831. Candidates may refer to factors such as the intervention of European powers, both militarily, including the Battle of Navarino Bay, and diplomatically, such as the Treaty of London of 1827 and the London Protocol of 1830. Candidates may consider other factors such as the strength of the demand for Greek independence and the weaknesses and internal divisions of the Ottoman Empire, referencing the revolt in the Morea and Muhammad Ali in Egypt. Candidates may agree, partly agree or disagree with the statement. They may conclude that Greek independence was achieved because of a combination of foreign intervention and Ottoman weakness.