| Date | November 2016 | Marks available | 3 | Reference code | 16N.1s3a.BP.TZ0.1 |
| Level | Both SL and HL | Paper | Paper 1 (Communism in crisis 1976–89) - last exams 2016 | Time zone | TZ0 |
| Command term | What | Question number | 1 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Source B
Chen Yizi [Ch’en I-tzu], a former political advisor to the Chinese government, writing in an academic article, “The Decision Process Behind the 1986–1989 Political Reforms” (1995).
Through 1986, discussion of political reform took place only internally and was not allowed to develop into a broad public discussion. People who heard that the effort was under way became discontented that these reforms did not proceed more quickly and democratization did not progress further. Students … became increasingly vocal in expressing their discontent with the many problems accompanying the reform programme, such as inflation and continuing lack of freedom of speech and of the press. At the end of the year, the students took to the streets … the movement was soon suppressed.
During this period, reformist leaders such as Hu Yaobang [Hu Yao-pang] and Zhao Ziyang [Chao Tzu-yang] were attacked by the conservatives for their tolerant attitude towards
Source E
Chai Ling, a student leader of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, makes a speech to the assembled crowds at Tiananmen Square.
What, according to Source B, were the limits of political reform in Deng Xiaoping’s [Teng Hsiao-p’ing’s] China?
What is the message conveyed by Source E?
Markscheme
- Discussion of political reform was internal and not permitted publicly.
- The pace of change was slow and/or there was a lack of progress.
- Lack of freedom of speech and/or the press.
- Movements, and/or students who took to the street, were suppressed.
- Reformist leaders were attacked by conservatives.
Award [1] for each relevant point up to a maximum of [3].
[3 marks]
- The demonstration is peaceful and/or there is some leadership of the demonstration and/or the protest is organized.
- There are large numbers participating, indicating support for political reform.
- Support and/or pressure for political reform comes from the younger generation.
- The location, Tiananmen Square, has a symbolic significance as it is the centre of Party authority.
Award [1] for each relevant point up to a maximum of [2].
[2 marks]
