State which year had the highest percentage of children trafficked.

Determine the range in percentage of women trafficked.

Explain one way in which people trafficking can be reduced.

Suggest how two groups of people have been affected by one pro-natalist or anti-natalist policy you have studied.

Country: 

Group 1: 

Group 2:

2012

7 % (accept 46 %-53 %)

Award [1] for identification of a valid way to reduce trafficking with a further [1] for development/exemplification.

For example:
Increased border controls (checking of paperwork) / training of border control staff [1] eg in South Africa the documents of people travelling with children are checked [1].

Other possibilities include:

• Protection, assistance and support – increased efforts to protect foreign national victims as well as non-immigrants.
• Coordination of key agencies such as police forces.
• Investigation and prosecution – of traffickers related to forced labour and sexual exploitation.
• Prevention – to assist other governments to reduce trafficking.
• Policies by industries and institutions – refusal to work with firms that exploit trafficked people.
• Measures to turn back migrants – in the Mediterranean, the refusal by the Italian government, led by Salvini, to allow migrant rescue ships to disembark refugees.
• Education – informing vulnerable groups of their rights eg The Freedom Story in Thailand, educating communities in destinations to raise awareness of, and report trafficking eg school curriculum in Nebraska.
• Advertising – raising awareness in vulnerable groups, reduction in demand by restricting advertising on social media .
• Improve the lives of vulnerable groups in source countries.

Two different groups must be identified.
Only credit points that are related to the effects of the policy on groups and not the operation of the policy.

In each case, allow [1] for identification of a valid group and up to a further [2] for the development of how the group are affected by the policy and/or a link of the group to the policy.

For example: Young girls in China were abandoned in nurseries [1] due to the preference for having boys as a result of the One Child Policy [1], which has led to them having no legal status and a lack of opportunities for education, healthcare, etc [1].

Other possibilities include:

• Parents with increased parental leave.
• Children getting better education due to government provision.
• Men of marrying age who cannot find a female partner because of gender imbalance.
• Women who can now enter the workplace
• Employers who find it difficult to recruit workers
• Minority groups who are stopped from practising their culture
• Younger generation that have to look after an ageing population
• Women who have more children and go back to work part time instead of their original full-time job