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Date November 2019 Marks available 10 Reference code 19N.1.bp.4
Level SL and HL Paper 1 Time zone
Command term Examine Question number 4 Adapted from N/A

Question

Examine why the management of coral reefs and mangrove swamps can become a source of conflict.

[10]
a.

Evaluate the success of actions to reduce overfishing.

[10]
b.

Markscheme

Refer to Paper 1 markbands (available under the "Your tests" tab > supplemental materials).

Coral and mangrove ecosystems are under increasing pressure, partly from the adverse effects of climate change but also from human activities. Different stakeholders may have conflicting perspectives regarding the use and value of coral reefs and mangroves. These demands must be carefully managed to ensure a sustainable future.

Possible applied themes (AO2) demonstrating knowledge and understanding (AO1):

Good answers may be well-structured (AO4) and may additionally offer a critical evaluation (AO3) that examines a variety of conflicting pressures on coral reefs and mangroves by different stakeholders, in varying places and at different scales. These conflicts are likely to increase, resulting in irreversible damage to ecosystems, unless management strategies for a sustainable future can be formulated.

For 5–6 marks, expect some weakly evidenced outlining of management/conflicting pressures on mangrove and/or coral reefs.

For 7–8 marks, expect a structured account which includes:

A response that omits one of the two ecosystems may score up to 7 marks if the evaluation is done well.

For 9–10 marks, expect both of these traits.

a.

Refer to Paper 1 markbands (available under the "Your tests" tab > supplemental materials).

Overfishing has resulted in a dramatic depletion of fish stocks, extinction of prized species, reduced catches, decline of fishing industry, and unemployment. Various policies have been put forward to reduce overfishing and introduce possible alternatives. These include management of fishing areas, establishment of conservation areas, the introduction of quotas, and fish farming (aquaculture).

Possible applied themes (AO2) demonstrating knowledge and understanding (AO1):

Good answers may be well-structured (AO4) and may additionally offer a critical evaluation (AO3) that examines the statement in a way that considers the varying perspectives on the costs/benefits and effectiveness of management strategies, and considers the different scales of dispute or conflict between different nations or places.

For 5–6 marks, some weakly evidenced outlining of two actions to reduce overfishing.

For 7–8 marks, expect a structured account which includes:

For 9–10 marks, expect both of these traits.

b.

Examiners report

[N/A]
a.
[N/A]
b.

Syllabus sections

Option B: Oceans and coastal margins » B.3. Managing coastal margins » B.3.3. Management of coral reefs and mangrove swamps
Option B: Oceans and coastal margins » B.3. Managing coastal margins
Option B: Oceans and coastal margins

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