| Date | November 2017 | Marks available | 1 | Reference code | 17N.2.bp.14 |
| Level | SL and HL | Paper | 2 | Time zone | |
| Command term | Estimate | Question number | 14 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
The map shows temperatures for Dublin, Ireland, at 22:00 during a winter evening.
[Source: adapted from G O’Hare and J Sweeney, (1990), The Atmospheric System: an introduction to meteorology and climatology, page 31]
Describe the pattern of temperatures shown south of the River Liffey.
Estimate the temperature range north of the River Liffey.
Using examples, explain two reasons for the growth of suburbs.
Examine recent land use changes in the central and/or inner areas of one or more cities.
Markscheme
- decreases steadily southwards [1]
- some quantification, eg falls from 1.5 to –2.5 [1]
- the decline in temperatures is much more gradual towards the south of the city [1]
- or other clarification [1].
Accept either a value in the range 5.5 to 6.5 [1] (or < -1.5 to +4) [1].
Units (°C) not needed for award of mark.
Award [1] for each valid reason and a further [2] for further development/exemplification.
Possibilities include:
- development of new transport infrastructure / increase in private car ownerships
- availability of cheaper land near the edge of urban settlements
- increased demand for housing due to in-migration, allows areas further from the city to be developed for housing
- push factors from city due to crime rates etc and perceived better lifestyle.
For example: Development of new transport infrastructure [1] allows people to live further from their place of work and to commute daily [1], for example London, UK, doubled in size when the underground system was extended in the 1930s [1].
Urban land use changes may include changes to the CBD, economic activity changes including central brownfield sites, and housing in inner-city areas. Also, responses may look at transport, retail and entertainment developments and infrastructure changes.
Good answers may examine connections between different land use changes, eg new housing supporting workers for revitalised CBD. Another approach might be to examine land use changes on different spatial or temporal scales, or to make a comparative examination of different places. Another approach might be to examine the causes and/or consequences of change, eg government, business or civil society.
At band D, expect a description of two appropriate land use changes in one or more named cities.
At band E, expect either a more detailed explanation of appropriate urban land use changes in one or more named cities or a structured examination of the topic.
At band F, expect both of these elements.
Marks should be allocated according to the markbands.
