Date | November 2012 | Marks available | 3 | Reference code | 12N.2.SL.TZ0.6 |
Level | Standard level | Paper | Paper 2 | Time zone | Time zone 0 |
Command term | State | Question number | 6 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
This question is in two parts. Part 1 is about wave motion. Part 2 is about the melting of the Pobeda ice island.
Part 1 Wave motion
State what is meant by the terms ray and wavefront and state the relationship between them.
The diagram shows three wavefronts, A, B and C, of a wave at a particular instant in time incident on a boundary between media X and Y. Wavefront B is also shown in medium Y.
(i) Draw a line to show wavefront C in medium Y.
(ii) The refractive index of X is nX and the refractive index of Y is nY. By making appropriate measurements, calculate nXnY.
Describe the difference between transverse waves and longitudinal waves.
The graph below shows the variation of the velocity v with time t for one oscillating particle of a medium.
(i) Calculate the frequency of oscillation of the particle.
(ii) Identify on the graph, with the letter M, a time at which the displacement of the particle is a maximum.
Markscheme
ray: direction of wave travel / energy propagation;
wavefront: line that joins points with same phase/of same crest/trough;
ray normal/at right angles/perpendicular to wavefront;
(i) line parallel to existing line in Y and continuous at boundary; (both needed)
(ii) measures “wavelength” correctly in media X and Y; } (by eye)
(look for ratio of 0.5: 1 in responses)
nXnY=λYλX;
0.5:1; (accept answers in the range of 0.47 to 0.53)
or
justification that angles needed for calculation are either pair of i and r as shown and angles measured correctly;
nXnY=sinrsini;
0.5:1;
mention of perpendicular/right angle/90° angle for transverse and parallel for longitudinal;
clear comparison between direction of energy propagation and direction of vibration/oscillation of particles for both waves;
(i) time period=6.0ms;
167Hz;
(ii) M where line crosses x-axis;
(iii) counts rectangles (14±2) to first peak;
one rectangle equivalent to 0.5 mm;
7.2 mm;
or
ω=(2πf=)330π;
a=(vw=)7.5330π;
7.2 mm;
Allow any valid algebraic method, eg v=ω√(x02−x2).