DP Biology Questionbank

Description

Nature of science:
Looking for patterns, trends and discrepancies—patterns of chromosome number in some genera can be explained by speciation due to polyploidy. (3.1)Understandings:

• A gene pool consists of all the genes and their different alleles, present in an interbreeding population.
• Evolution requires that allele frequencies change with time in populations.
• Reproductive isolation of populations can be temporal, behavioural or geographic.
• Speciation due to divergence of isolated populations can be gradual.
• Speciation can occur abruptly.

Applications and skills:

• Application: Identifying examples of directional, stabilizing and disruptive selection.
• Application: Speciation in the genus Allium by polyploidy.
• Skill: Comparison of allele frequencies of geographically isolated populations.

Guidance:

• Punctuated equilibrium implies long periods without appreciable change and short periods of rapid evolution.

Theory of knowledge:

• Punctuated equilibrium was long considered an alternative theory of evolution and a challenge to the long established paradigm of Darwinian gradualism. How do paradigm shifts proceed in science and what factors are involved in their success?

Utilization:

• Many crop species have been created to be polyploid. Polyploidy increases allelic diversity and permits novel phenotypes to be generated. It also leads to hybrid vigour.

Syllabus and cross-curricular links:
Biology
Topic 5.1 Evidence for evolution

Directly related questions

• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.35: How do the concepts of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium differ? A. The timing of...
• 17M.3.HL.TZ2.1c: Explain the concept of directional selection with respect to this example.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.7a: Outline how reproductive isolation can occur in an animal population.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.7b: Outline the process of speciation.
• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.7a: Discuss the role of genes and chromosomes in determining individual and shared character features...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.20: The graph shows variations in beak size for the bird Geospiza fortis on an island in the...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ2.19: The genetic determination of dogs’ coats can be quite complex, with many different genes acting...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.36: What can lead to reproductive isolation after just one generation? A. Polyploidy B. Increased...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.1: Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane? A. Nucleus B. Lysosome C....
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.4b: Starting from the concept of gene pool, explain briefly how populations of early vertebrates...
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.4c: Outline what is required for speciation to occur.
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.4a: List two causes of variation within a gene pool.
• 16N.1.HL.TZ0.36: Fossil records show that black bears increased in size during the Ice Age and decreased in size...
• 15M.3.HL.TZ1.1e: Discuss briefly whether there is genetic evidence to show a common ancestor for the...
• 15M.3.HL.TZ1.1c: State with a reason whether the genetic evidence shows that the western coyote and the grey wolf...
• 15M.3.HL.TZ1.1d: The northeastern coyote has more wolf-like skull features than the southern Ontario coyote. ...
• 15M.3.HL.TZ1.1a: Outline the genetic evidence that Canis populations have hybridized.
• 15M.3.HL.TZ1.1b: Compare the genetic data for southern Ontario coyotes and northeastern coyotes.
• 15M.3.HL.TZ1.2c (ii):  Define gene pool.
• 15M.3.HL.TZ2.2c: A species is often defined as a group of similar individuals that interbreed in nature and...
• 15N.3.HL.TZ0.3: Discuss evolution by gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ2.3a: The probability of extinction of a species increases if the population is small with low genetic...
• 13M.3.HL.TZ1.2b: Outline how isolation of a gene pool can lead to evolution.
• 13M.3.HL.TZ2.2a: Define gene pool.
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.12 a: Compare convergent and divergent evolution.
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.12 b: Explain how polyploidy can contribute to speciation.
• 13N.3.HL.TZ0.2c: Using CF as an example, distinguish between allele frequency and gene pool.
• 13N.3.HL.TZ0.2a: State the name given to the situation where two alleles of a gene persist indefinitely in a...
• 13N.3.HL.TZ0.2b: CF is a recessive condition that affects approximately 1 in 2500 births in Australia. Calculate...
• 11M.3.HL.TZ1.1b: Identify the breeding combination that results in the lowest probability of breeding.
• 11M.3.HL.TZ1.1d: Scientists concluded that speciation is taking place in these populations. Discuss the evidence...
• 11M.3.HL.TZ1.1a: Identify the highest and lowest probabilities of breeding for individuals of the same variety...
• 11M.3.HL.TZ1.1c: Analyse the probability of breeding between individuals from the same lake.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.10d: Scientists concluded that speciation is taking place in these populations. Discuss the evidence...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.10a: Identify the highest and lowest probabilities of breeding for individuals of the same variety...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.10b: Identify the breeding combination that results in the lowest probability of breeding.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.10c: Analyse the probability of breeding between individuals from the same lake.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.10a (i): Identify the species with the shortest mean beak length.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.10a (ii): Determine the difference in the mean beak length of the two populations of Yellow-throated...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.10a (iii): Compare the range of variation in beak length of the Yellow-throated Warblers in Midwest to the...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.10b: Suggest an advantage for the longer beaks of Yellow-throated Warblers in Delmarva.
• 12M.3.HL.TZ2.2c: Describe one type of barrier that may exist between gene pools.
• 10M.3.SL.TZ2.11b: There has been a change of thinking; moving from gradualism to punctuated equilibrium...
• 11N.3.SL.TZ0.10c: Discuss gradualism and punctuated equilibrium as ideas about the pace of evolution.
• 09N.3.SL.TZ0.12a: Compare sympatric speciation and allopatric speciation.
• 09N.3.SL.TZ0.12c: Discuss the concept of punctuated equilibrium.