DP Biology Questionbank

Description

Nature of science:
Theories are regarded as uncertain—William Harvey overturned theories developed by the ancient Greek philosopher Galen on movement of blood in the body. (1.9)Understandings:

• Arteries convey blood at high pressure from the ventricles to the tissues of the body.
• Arteries have muscle cells and elastic fibres in their walls.
• The muscle and elastic fibres assist in maintaining blood pressure between pump cycles.
• Blood flows through tissues in capillaries. Capillaries have permeable walls that allow exchange of materials between cells in the tissue and the blood in the capillary.
• Veins collect blood at low pressure from the tissues of the body and return it to the atria of the heart.
• Valves in veins and the heart ensure circulation of blood by preventing backflow.
• There is a separate circulation for the lungs.
• The heart beat is initiated by a group of specialized muscle cells in the right atrium called the sinoatrial node.
• The sinoatrial node acts as a pacemaker.
• The sinoatrial node sends out an electrical signal that stimulates contraction as it is propagated through the walls of the atria and then the walls of the ventricles.
• The heart rate can be increased or decreased by impulses brought to the heart through two nerves from the medulla of the brain.
• Epinephrine increases the heart rate to prepare for vigorous physical activity.

Applications and skills:

• Application: William Harvey’s discovery of the circulation of the blood with the heart acting as the pump.
• Application: Pressure changes in the left atrium, left ventricle and aorta during the cardiac cycle.
• Application: Causes and consequences of occlusion of the coronary arteries.
• Skill: Identification of blood vessels as arteries, capillaries or veins from the structure of their walls.
• Skill: Recognition of the chambers and valves of the heart and the blood vessels connected to it in dissected hearts or in diagrams of heart structure.

Theory of knowledge:

• Our current understanding is that emotions are the product of activity in the brain rather than the heart. Is knowledge based on science more valid than knowledge based on intuition?

Utilization:

• Understanding of the structure of the cardiovascular system has allowed the development of heart surgery.

Syllabus and cross-curricular links:
Biology
Topic 2.2 Water
Topic 2.3 Carbohydrates and lipids
Topic 6.4 Gas exchange
Topic 6.6 Hormones, homeostasis and reproduction

Aims:

• Aim 6: A heart dissection is suggested as a means of studying heart structure.
• Aim 8: The social implications of coronary heart disease could be discussed.

Directly related questions

• 17M.2.HL.TZ1.1f.ii: Suggest a reason for the greater expression of the gene for the urea transporter after an...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.1d: Discuss the effect of exercise on the results of the experiment.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.1c.ii: Compare and contrast the results for the water–no exercise group and the Epi–no exercise group.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.1c.i: State the time when the point of fatigue occurred in the Epi–exercise group.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.1a.ii: Outline the trends in capillary density in the results of this experiment.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.1a.i: State the significance of the statement: p<0.05.
• 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Estimate how much smaller drilled oysters raised in seawater at a high CO2 concentration were...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.27: The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive system....
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.26: The diagram shows the human heart. Which shows the sequence of blood flow in the heart? A....
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.25: What is a feature of the left atrium? A. Epinephrine decreases its rate of contraction. B. It...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.29: What helps to keep blood flowing onwards away from the heart in an artery? A. Valves B. Elastic...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.26: In which blood vessel connected to the heart does blood have the lowest carbon dioxide...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.21: Cladograms can be created by comparing DNA or protein sequences. The cladogram on the left is...
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.03b: Distinguish between the vein and the artery with reference to structures visible in the micrograph.
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.25: The diagram shows red blood cells and undifferentiated tissue cells. [Source: © International...
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.2a: (i) Using the nomogram, state the lower weight limit for a woman with the height...
• 16N.2.HL.TZ0.6a: Explain how circulation of the blood to the lungs and to other systems is separated in humans and...
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.6b: Explain the structures and functions of arteries and veins.
• 16N.2.SL.TZ0.6a: Outline the exchange of materials between capillaries and tissues.
• 16N.1.SL.TZ0.25: What is the position of heart valves when blood pressure is highest in the aorta?
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.36: Which is a valid comparison between arteries and veins?    
• 16M.1.HL.TZ0.35: Which discovery was an indication that the heart pumps blood to the body through arteries? A....
• 16M.1.SL.TZ0.28: The diagram shows changes of pressure during the cardiac cycle.   Which is an explanation of...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.22: What is a feature of the human circulatory system?A. The wall of the right ventricle of the heart...
• 15M.1.SL.TZ2.27: What is a role of the coronary arteries?A. To supply information about blood temperature to the...
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.7b: Describe the action of the heart in pumping blood.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ2.7a: Draw a labelled diagram of the human heart showing the attached blood vessels.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.6a: Draw a labelled diagram of the human heart showing the attached blood vessels.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.6b: Describe the action of the heart in pumping blood.
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.32: What is a role of the coronary arteries? A. To supply information about blood temperature to the...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.25: What causes heart ventricles to fill with blood? I. Atrial contraction II. Closing of...
• 15N.1.SL.TZ0.30: When the left ventricle is relaxed, what is the state of the valves?
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.21: What causes heart ventricles to fill with blood? I. Atrial contraction II. Closing of...
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.8a: Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of the heart.
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.6a: Describe the process of blood clotting.
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.21: What is the state of the atrio-ventricular and semilunar valves when the left ventricle contracts?
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.22: What are the conditions of the blood travelling through the pulmonary vein?
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.20: What causes the rate of heart contraction to increase or decrease? A. The heart muscle itselfB....
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.37: What is the function of thrombin in the process of blood clotting? A. It acts as a catalyst.B....
• 13M.2.SL.TZ1.5b: Explain the relationship between structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins.
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.25: The diagram below shows the human heart. What structures are indicated by the labels X, Y and...
• 13N.1.SL.TZ0.26: What is dissolved in blood plasma?A. carbon dioxide, erythrocytes and plateletsB. amino acids,...
• 13M.1.SL.TZ1.26: What is the state of the atrio-ventricular and semilunar valves when the left ventricle...
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.4c: Discuss whether the cardiovascular system has to adjust to weightless conditions in space.
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.4a: Calculate the difference in blood pressure at systole between rest and exercise before flight,...
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.4b: Outline the response of the astronauts’ cardiovascular system to exercise before the flight.
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.22: Is the blood in the aorta, left ventricle and pulmonary artery oxygenated or deoxygenated?
• 11M.3.HL.TZ2.5b: Outline the unconscious control of the heart rate.
• 11M.1.SL.TZ1.26: Is the blood in the aorta, left ventricle and pulmonary artery oxygenated or deoxygenated?
• 11M.1.SL.TZ2.27: Which vessel directly supplies the heart muscle with blood? A. The aorta B. The pulmonary...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.4a (i): State which activity reduces backflow speed in relation to the control.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.4b: Determine the difference in backflow speed between the lying position and pedal exercise.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.4a (ii): Suggest a reason why backflow speed is reduced by the activity stated in (a)(i).
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.4c: Discuss the benefits of exercising to promote high backflow speed.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ2.3a (i): Blood transports molecules throughout the body. State where the blood absorbs hormones.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.3a: Outline the mechanisms involved in the control of heartbeat.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.3b: Explain how the direction of blood flow in the heart is controlled.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ2.3a (ii): Blood transports molecules throughout the body. State where the blood absorbs carbon dioxide.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ2.3c: Explain how the structure of capillaries relates to their functions.
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.19: What is the condition of the valves of the heart when the right ventricle is contracting?
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.20: Which blood vessel directly supplies oxygen to the heart muscle? A. Aorta B. Coronary artery C....
• 12M.1.SL.TZ2.29: How is epinephrine (adrenaline) carried to the pacemaker of the heart and what effect does it...
• 12M.1.SL.TZ1.27: What is a similarity between arteries and capillaries? A. They both have elastic tissue. B. They...
• 12M.2.SL.TZ2.4a (iii): Blood transports molecules throughout the body. State where the blood absorbs oxygen.
• 09M.2.HL.TZ2.7a: Draw a labelled diagram of the heart showing the chambers, associated blood vessels and valves.
• 09M.2.SL.TZ2.5b: Describe the relationship between the structure and function of blood vessels.
• 09M.1.HL.TZ2.16: Which of the following describes arteries? A. They have thick muscular walls.B. They usually...
• 10M.2.HL.TZ1.4a: Blood is a liquid tissue containing glucose, urea, plasma proteins and other components. List the...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.26: The diagram below shows the human heart. What structures are indicated by the labels X, Y and Z?
• 10M.1.SL.TZ2.25: What is a correct pathway for blood flowing through the heart? A. right atrium, tricuspid valve,...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.6a: The pumping of blood is a vital process. Explain the roles of the atria and ventricles in the...
• 10M.2.SL.TZ1.6b: Explain how the structure of an artery allows it to carry out its function efficiently.
• 10M.1.HL.TZ2.21: What is a role of the pacemaker or sinoatrial node (SAN)? A. To initiate contraction of the...
• 09N.1.SL.TZ0.24: What route does blood follow to supply oxygen to heart muscle?A. pulmonary vein → left atrium →...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1b: Distinguish between the trends shown in the number of stem cells per ml blood by the mice...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1a (i): State the maximum number of stem cells per ml blood in the control mice.
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1a (ii): Determine the number of hours of light needed to release the maximum number of stem cells in...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1c: Other studies suggest that a greater number of blood stem cells for transplantation may be...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1d: Explain how the amount of mRNA for CXCL12 gives an indication of the amount of protein CXCL12...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.1e: Compare the effect of isoprenaline and clenbuterol with the normal release of stem cells and the...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.28: What is the role of the pacemaker (SAN)? A. It controls the release of epinephrine...
• 11N.2.SL.TZ0.2b (i): Explain how the structure of veins is adapted to their function. 
• 11N.1.SL.TZ0.29: What is the structure labelled X? A. Right ventricle B. Right atrium C. Left atrium D. Left...
• 11N.1.SL.TZ0.30: What is a role of the coronary arteries? A. To transport oxygen from the lungs directly to the...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.18: What is the direction of flow of oxygenated blood during a heartbeat? A. left atrium →...
• 12N.2.SL.TZ0.7b: Outline the control of the heartbeat by the nervous and endocrine systems.    
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.6a: State four molecules transported by the blood.
• 10N.2.SL.TZ0.6b: Outline the control of the heartbeat.