State two products of glycolysis.

Explain H⁺ movement in mitochondria and its significance for chemiosmosis.

State two limiting factors of photosynthesis.

a. pyruvate;

b. ATP;

c. NADH + H⁺;

a. energy (from electron transport chain) used to pump H⁺ across inner mitochondrial membrane;

b. into space between inner and outer membrane;

c. H⁺ move from intermembrane space down the concentration gradient;

d. through ATP synthase/synthetase;

e. producing energy used to produce ATP;

a. light intensity;

b. temperature;

c. carbon dioxide concentration;

Many candidates could correctly identify two products of glycolysis.

Many scored 2 or 3 marks on the movement of hydrogen ions during chemiosmosis. Candidates seemed to clearly understand the proton gradient and the role of ATP synthase in the production of ATP.

Most candidates were able to identify two limiting factors. Some were careless simply stating light rather than light intensity and therefore did not get the mark.