(i) Identify the economic activities located at 760122 and 736133.

(ii) State two reasons for the location of the sports stadium (Nazareth Speedway) in 7211.

Referring to map evidence, explain three likely types of urban stress in Nazareth.

Using one or more examples, examine the social and economic impacts of in-migration on cities.

(i) Water treatment plant

Post office

(ii) Award [1] for each of the following, up to a maximum of [2]:

• more space available
• cheaper land values
• away from residential areas so less of a problem from noise
• relatively flat land
• access by highway.

Award [1] for identifying a valid type of urban stress and [1] for map evidence.

The most likely types of stress for which there is map evidence are:

• pollution (credit different types of pollution, eg noise pollution, air pollution from the quarry in 7312)
• potential congestion due to grid street pattern in the centre of town
• depletion of green space due to expansion of quarries/increase of built-up area (eg 7512).

There may be other types of urban stress and these should be credited if valid.

Possible impacts include:

• social urban problems – a youthful population; potentially high birth rates, poverty, spread of diseases, over-crowded schools, housing, ethnic conflict
• economic urban problems – unemployment, underemployment, low wages
• economic benefits – labour supply for employers, larger market
• social benefits – more schools, more hospitals (than in rural areas), ethnic/cultural diversity
• management as an impact/response to the issue.

Both social and economic must be addressed, but do not expect balance. 

Good answers may provide a structured examination of the impacts that, in addition to positive and negative impacts, also considers how these may vary according to perspective of different groups of people. Another approach might be to consider the time or spatial scale of any impacts. Another approach might be to provide a structured examination of how impacts might vary for differing places/cities at different stages of development/different approaches to urban governance.

For band D, expect some description of some social and/or economic impacts of in-migration for a named urban area.

At band E, expect either more detailed explanation of some social and economic impacts (do not expect balance) or a structured examination of some variety of impacts (perspectives/scale/time) for people/places.

At band F expect both of these elements.

Marks should be allocated according to the markbands.

(i) This posed relatively few problems. Six-figure grid references were used to pinpoint the activities with precision.

(ii) This was generally well answered.

Generally quite well answered, with candidates referring, for example, to noise and air pollution from the quarries, or congestion due to the grid street pattern. However, weak reference to map evidence was common, as was reference to urban stress that could not have been identified from the map.

This question elicited some good responses and was quite well answered, with use of detailed and relevant case studies. Good answers looked at differing impacts in different cities. However there were many very unstructured responses in which it was difficult to follow the impacts. Very weak answers discussed migration into a country, or the impacts on the losing region.