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Date Marks available 10 Reference code .2.bp.14
Level SL and HL Paper 2 Time zone
Command term Discuss Question number 14 Adapted from N/A

Question

The photograph shows Reforma Avenue, one of the most important streets in Mexico City.

 

[Source: Calderwood, M. In Cities and Society. Marsilio,2006]

Referring to evidence in the photograph, describe two types of environmental stress that are likely to affect the population of Mexico City.

[2+2]
a.

Identify three characteristics of Reforma Avenue that are likely to affect the urban microclimate and explain their effect.

[6]
b.

“Cities can never be sustainable.” Discuss this statement, referring to one case study.

[10]
c.

Markscheme

There are a number of possibilities, including air pollution, visible as an atmospheric haze creating poor visibility in the distance, vehicle noise and congestion.

a.

A narrow sky view area restricts sunshine, a high density of buildings retains heat, tall buildings reduce general wind speed, but may focus winds, producing a canyon effect with higher wind gusts. The characteristics must be visible in the photo; a general explanation of the urban heat island is not acceptable.

b.

Candidates may choose to either agree or disagree with the question, but stronger answers accessing bands E and F must address both sides of the argument. A good answer accessing band D and above must have case study support and is likely to refer not only to environmental, but also to social and/or economic aspects of management or mismanagement.

Environment: resource conservation, waste management, transport.

Social: housing, educational opportunities, political freedoms and equal opportunities, and local involvement in decision-making.

Economic: income security and employment diversity.

Marks should be allocated according to the markbands.

c.

Examiners report

[N/A]
a.
[N/A]
b.
[N/A]
c.

Syllabus sections

Optional themes » Option G: Urban environments » The sustainable city » Case studies

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