Define the term suburbanization.

Referring to map evidence, briefly describe two processes, excluding suburbanization, that have led to the growth of Lempdes.  

Referring to map evidence, suggest three reasons why an area of manufacturing has developed at point A (054113) on the 2003 map.

Examine the pattern of urban deprivation in a city of your choice.

Suburbanization is the process of outward growth of towns and cities [1 mark] to engulf surrounding villages and rural areas [1 mark].

Towns such as Lempdes show considerable growth. Possible processes include migration, counter-urbanization, natural increase, decentralization, urban sprawl. Award 1 mark for each correct answer.

Several factors may have been responsible for an area of manufacturing developing in this zone. Evidence from the map should be given to support statements made. The advantages of site A include access to the airport and autoroute for deliveries and distribution, relatively cheap land, flat land for easy building construction and nearby labour pools in Cournon and Clermont-Ferrand.

Award 2 marks for each of three reasons.

Deprivation should be defined and its pattern examined. A well-drawn, annotated map may substitute for text. The pattern must be clearly described. The factors influencing the pattern will depend on the case study chosen. Likely factors might include residence choices made by affluent members of the city population, topography, climate, prevailing winds, accessibility, communication lines, government policy (zoning), family and ethnic ties, and location of twilight zones. Other valid reasons or approaches may be equally acceptable.

Marks should be allocated according to the markbands.