Describe one twin or kinship study.

Refer to the paper 1 section A markbands when awarding marks. These can be found under the “Your tests” tab > supplemental materials.

The command term “describe” requires candidates to give a detailed account or summary of one twin or kinship (family) study.

The description of the study should include the aim, procedure, results, and the conclusions of the study. Examples of twin or kinship studies may include, but are not limited to:

• Skre et al.’s (1993) twin study investigating genetic influences on anxiety disorders
• Holland et al.’s (1988) twin study investigating genetic influence on anorexia
• Kendler et al.’s (2006) twin study investigating a genetic influence on depression
• The “Minnesota Twin Study”, eg, Bouchard et al.’s (1990) study into genetic influences in intelligence
• Tobi et al.’s (2018) Dutch Hunger Winter study on epigenetics, obesity, and heart disease
• True et al.’s (1993) twin study investigating genetic influences on PTSD symptoms among U.S. Vietnam veterans
• Weissman et al.’s (2005) kinship study of MDD
• Yehuda et al.’s (2000, 1998) kinship studies investigating symptoms of PTSD among adult children of Holocaust survivors.

Candidates are not required to state exact concordance rates in order to be awarded full marks.

If a candidate describes more than one twin or kinship study, credit should be given only to the first description.