Evaluate one or more examples of psychological research (theories and/or studies) related to approaches to treatment.

Refer to the paper 2 assessment criteria when awarding marks.

The command term “evaluate” requires the candidate to make an evaluation of theories and/or studies related to approaches to treatment by weighing up the strengths and limitations of the selected theory or study. Although a discussion of both strengths and limitations is required, it does not have to be evenly balanced to gain high marks.

Relevant theories may include, but are not limited to:

• systematic desensitization
• the cognitive-behavioural model
• social learning theory (social cognitive theory)
• the serotonin hypothesis.

Relevant studies may include, but are not limited to:

• Neale et al.’s (2011) meta-analysis of published studies on the outcome of anti-depressants versus placebo
• Hay et al.’s (2004) study on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in the treatment of bulimia
• Leuchter et al.’s (2002) study on the changes in brain function during treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) versus during treatment with placebo
• Elkin et al.’s (1989) controlled outcome study of treatment of depression
• Pampallona et al.’s (2004) meta-analysis of efficacy of drug treatment alone versus drug treatment and psychotherapy in depression.

Evaluation of the selected theory or study may include, but is not limited to:

• cultural or gender considerations
• empirical findings
• conditions under which the explanations/findings may be applied
• comparison to other explanations
• methodological and ethical considerations.

Candidates may evaluate one theory/study in order to demonstrate depth of knowledge, or a greater number of theories/studies in order to demonstrate breadth of knowledge. Both approaches are equally acceptable.