| Date | November 2016 | Marks available | 22 | Reference code | 16N.Paper 2.BP.TZ0.13 |
| Level | SL and HL | Paper | Paper 2 | Time zone | TZ0 |
| Command term | Evaluate | Question number | 13 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Evaluate two or more theories of motivation in sport.
Markscheme
Refer to the paper 2 assessment criteria when awarding marks.
The command term “evaluate” requires candidates to make an appraisal of two or more theories of motivation used in sport psychology by weighing up the strengths and the limitations of each. Although a discussion of both strengths and limitations is required, it does not have to be evenly balanced to gain high marks.
Theories of motivation in sport include but are not limited to:
- cognitive evaluation theory (Deci, 1975)
- achievement motivation needs theory (McClelland and Atkinson, 1961)
- Intrinsic motivation (Ashford et al. 1993)
- extrinsic motivation (Smith et al. 1979)
- self-efficacy theory (Bandura, 1977)
- competence motivation theory (Harter, 1978)
- Murray’s need for achievement (1938)
- fear of failure (Atkinson and Litwin, 1960)
- self-determination theory (Deci and Ryan).
Evaluation may include but is not limited to:
- strengths and weaknesses of the theories
- practical applications and efficacy of the various theories
- cultural and/or gender considerations
- studies that are used to support or refute the theories.
Candidates may evaluate two theories in order to demonstrate depth of knowledge, or may discuss a larger number of theories to demonstrate breadth of knowledge. Both approaches are equally acceptable.
If a candidate discusses only strengths or only limitations of theories of motivation in sports, the response should be awarded a maximum of [5] for criterion B, critical thinking, and up to a maximum of [2] for criterion C, organization. Up to full marks may be awarded for criterion A, knowledge and understanding.
If a candidate evaluates only one theory of motivation, the response should be awarded up to a maximum of [5] for criterion A, knowledge and comprehension, up to a maximum of [4] for criterion B, critical thinking, and up to a maximum of [2] for criterion C, organization.
If a candidate only evaluates theories of motivation but does not apply them to sport psychology, the response should be awarded up to a maximum of [3] for criterion A, knowledge and comprehension, up to a maximum of [3] for criterion B, critical thinking, and up to a maximum of [2] for criterion C, organization.
