Outline how data modelling could have been used in the development of the Aria smartphone app in Figure 10.

Explain one way how disposable products can have a negative impact on the environment.

Explain two ways how the design team have addressed the problem of disposability through the design of the Aria asthma inhaler.

Rogers’ characteristics of innovation impact on the rate of consumer adoption of an innovation.

Explain the role of relative advantage, compatibility and observability on the rate of adoption of the Aria asthma inhaler.

Data modelling is used to determine the structure/display/organisation of data;

To communicate the weather/air quality/temperature/humidity/allergens;

Award [1] for identifying a reason how data modelling could have been used in the development of the Aria smartphone app and [1] for a brief explanation up to [2 max].

Disposable products can end up in landfill/incineration;
Toxic materials/waste/gas can leach/escape into the environment;
Causing soil/water/air pollution;

Disposable products require resources to be extracted;
Depleting resource reserves;
Causing habitat destruction/soil degradation/damage to ecosystems;

Disposable products require large scale production;
Which use energy/create pollution in manufacture;
Reducing air/soil/water quality/increasing greenhouse gas/CO₂ emissions;

Award [1] for identifying how disposable products can have a negative impact on the environment and [1] for each distinct explanation up to [3 max].

Do not award marks between clusters.

Refillable device;
Cartridge does not need to be replaced when it runs out;
Does not create waste through empty canisters being disposed;

Choice of form/colour/style/different product versions;
Appeals to different target audiences/creates personal attachment;
Which extends product life;

Award [1] for each distinct point in an explanation of how the design team have addressed the problem of disposability through the design the Aria asthma inhaler up to [3 max].

Do not award marks between clusters.

Mark as [3] + [3].

Do not accept ‘re-use’.

Relative advantage:
How improved an innovation is over a previous generation;
As it uses technology/is refillable
Providing data on individual’s usage/reduces waste;

Compatibility:
How the inhaler is perceived as being assimilated into someone’s life;
The inhaler has four versions (youth, contemporary, sport and heritage);
Attracting a range of target audiences;

How the inhaler is perceived as being compatible with other devices;
The inhaler is supported by a smartphone app;
Which can be used across different technologies/smartphones;

Observability:
The extent to which the product is observable/visible to others;
The inhaler has distinct shape;
Making it more recognisable;

Award [1] for each distinct point in an explanation of the role of relative advantage, compatibility and observability on the rate of adoption of the Aria asthma inhaler up to [3 max].

Mark as [3] + [3] + [3].

Do not award marks between clusters.

Straightforward question. Quite easy to achieve at least one mark or more

An accessible question about disposability that allowed candidates to achieve 1-2 marks quite easily.

The first cluster about being able to refill was answered well in comparison to the second cluster. Many candidates achieved 1-2 marks for cluster one, but only a few achieved similar marks for the second cluster. Many only got 1 mark from cluster two for ‘different target audiences’. Although this was a more challenging question, there were some good responses.

Generally good answers here. Most candidates achieved 2-3 marks in the relative advantage cluster. Some got 1-2 marks in compatibility, but few achieved any marks for the observability cluster.