Define the term fatigue in sport.

Explain two possible physiological causes of fatigue during a maximal push-ups test.

A chronic adaptation of aerobic training is an increase in hemoglobin. Outline how this adaptation would benefit an athlete running a marathon.

a reversible, exercise-induced decline in performance;

depletion of CP energy sources which are vital for synthesis during this test <creatine phosphate and ATP>;

intensity of test will produce high levels of fatiguing by-products such as lactic acid / hydrogen ions;

reduction in calcium ion release due to repeated contractions;

Do not accept dehydration, electrolyte loss, overheating, and other factors related to endurance activities.

Max [1] for list of two correct factors e.g. increased lactic acid levels / reduction in calcium ions / depletion of CP stores.

improved oxygen transport <from the lungs> to the muscles;

increased oxygen levels allow the body to utilize aerobic system to a greater degree;

wider availability / variety of fuel sources as aerobic system can use carbohydrates, fats and protein as fuels;

reduced reliance of lactic acid system which produces fatiguing byproducts;

able to work at a higher intensity for a longer period without fatigue;

improved A-VO₂ difference / efficiency of oxygen exchange;

Candidates were either able to confidently define fatigue or they didn't understand the concept. 

Candidates found this question challenging. The command term for this question is explain and therefore candidates are required to provide an explanation of how the factors cause fatigue during a maximal push up test. Many candidates listed the causes but didn't provide sufficient detail for an explanation question. Several candidates referred to causes of fatigue that would not occur during a maximal push up test and therefore further review of this area within the context of different sports would be valuable.

Most candidates attempted this question with many able to outline that an increase in hemoglobin resulted in an increase in oxygen delivery. However not all of these candidates made reference to the increased delivery to working muscles. From this some candidates were able to identify that this would increase the ability to work for longer periods/at a higher intensity or that there would be a greater exchange of oxygen at the muscles. Very few candidates were able to access 3-4 marks for this question as they were unable to apply the adaptation of training to the physiological and performance response.