| Date | November 2020 | Marks available | 2 | Reference code | 20N.3.SL.tz0.7 |
| Level | Standard Level | Paper | Paper 3 | Time zone | time zone 0 |
| Command term | Calculate | Question number | 7 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
A nine-month trial investigated the effectiveness of exercise on Quality of Life for individuals with type II diabetes. 173 participants were randomly assigned to one of four training groups:
- aerobic training only
- resistance training only
- combined aerobic and resistance training
- control: stretching only (no additional exercise).
A Quality of Life questionnaire was used to measure physical functioning, bodily pain and general health. The mean change in questionnaire score between the start and the end of the trial is shown for each group.
[Source: Reprinted with permission from Valerie H. Myers, Megan A. McVay, Meghan M.
Brashear, Neil M. Johannsen, Damon L. Swift, Kimberly Kramer, Melissa Nauta Harris, William D. Johnson, Conrad P.
Earnest, and Timothy S. Church: Exercise Training and Quality of Life in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care
2013 Jul; 36(7): 1884–1890: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-1153. Copyright 2013 by the American Diabetes Association.]
State the group with the greatest change in general health.
Calculate the mean change in physical functioning for the three exercise groups.
Comment on the statistically significant results from this study.
List two health risks of diabetes.
The family history of a person makes them susceptible to type II diabetes. Discuss lifestyle factors that they should consider to reduce their risk of developing the condition.
Markscheme
resistance;
(1 + 2 + 2)/3;
= 1.67;
Accept range from 1.60 to 1.70.
all forms of exercise had a significant positive effect on general health;
aerobic and combined exercise had a significant positive effect on physical functioning;
resistance training was the only exercise to resist an increase in bodily pain scores/was the best type of training for reducing bodily pain;
Award max [1] per graph.
blindness;
kidney disease;
nerve damage / amputation;
cardiovascular disease / amputation;
A diet high in saturated fats / sugar
ensure diet is low in saturated fats/sugar/refined foods;
Physical inactivity
sufficient/suggested physical activity/exercise to maintain energy balance / ensure general health;
maintain efficient function of the pancreas;
Obesity
ensure appropriate energy balance / adequate calorie intake to avoid becoming obese;
Ensure each factor is discussed appropriately.
Award max [1] for a list.
Examiners report
No issues.
No issues.
No issues.
No issues.
Some candidates did not address this question's prescriptive nature, instead just listing lifestyle factors to reduce diabetes.
