Define musculoskeletal injuries.

Using an example, outline acute and chronic injuries.

Using sporting examples, identify two different types of injuries.

Explain ways to decrease risks and hazards during exercise.

injuries related to soft tissue <muscles/bones/tendons/blood vessels/nerves, eg sprains, strains and inflammation> ✔

Acute injuries:

occur suddenly as a result of a specific injury mechanism, eg fractured wrist, anterior cruciate ligament tear, concussion ✔

Chronic injuries:

develop over a period of several weeks and are often caused by repetitive activity, eg tennis elbow, shin splints ✔

Lower limb injuries:

eg football players may experience lower limb injuries such as a meniscus tear ✔
OR
shearing injury occurs when there is extreme friction between two surfaces/sliding friction on two surfaces as in a sliding tackle in football

Spinal injuries:

eg gymnasts may experience spinal fractures from a poor landing ✔
OR
tension injury occurs when tissue is stretched / strained beyond its normal limits as in gymnastics

Head injuries:

eg, cyclists may experience concussion from a fall ✔
OR
compression injury where a collision occurs in rugby

Accept other suitable examples.
Award [1 max] per type of injury

regular moderate exercise to maintain flexibility ✔

use/maintain correct footwear / protective clothing / equipment such as cycle helmet ✔

professional medical assessment to check for early signs of illness/injury ✔

injury prevention strategies, eg, correct warm-up/gradual intensity increase in training and cool-down, and stretching routines ✔

risk assessment of environment prior to exercise ✔

education of coaches/referees/athletes about overtraining / recognizing an injury/ recognize the correct running surfaces/ correct running technique/risk assessment of facilities ✔