| Date | November 2019 | Marks available | 3 | Reference code | 19N.3.HL:.tz0.5 |
| Level | Higher Level | Paper | Paper 3 | Time zone | time zone 0 |
| Command term | Explain | Question number | 5 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
A study examined the relationship between motivation and engagement in regular physical activity. A survey determined motivational profiles based on participants’ personal experiences with physical activity:
- Group 1: Intrinsically motivated.
- Group 2: Partially intrinsically motivated.
- Group 3: Extrinsically motivated.
Mean weekly engagement in physical activity is shown in the graph.
[Source: adapted from Friederichs, S.A., Bolman, C., Oenema, A. et al. Profiling physical activity motivation based on
self-determination theory: a cluster analysis approach. BMC Psychol 3, 1 (2015) doi:10.1186/s40359-015-0059-2.
Reproduced under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)]
State the motivational profile that resulted in the highest mean weekly engagement in physical activity.
Calculate the difference, in minutes, between the mean weekly engagement in sports for Group 1 and Group 3.
Deduce the relationship between motivational profile and engagement in physical activity.
Explain the impact of the different types of motivation on physical activity.
Explain the benefits of the reflection phase of self-regulated learning on motivation.
Markscheme
Group 1
OR
intrinsically motivated ✔
140 − 55 ✔
=85 <min> ✔
Accept the subtraction in a different order.
the less intrinsically motivated the participants, the lower their mean weekly engagement in physical activity ✔
Accept in the converse.
Accept other ways of wording the same association.
intrinsically motivated people have a perceived internal locus of causality
OR
intrinsically motivated people are driven by interest in/enjoyment for the task itself / extrinsically motivated people have a perceived external locus of causality
OR
extrinsically motivated people are driven by an external demand that carries a social value ✔
extrinsic reward can be seen as a way of controlling behaviour ✔
the more intrinsic motivation causes more enjoyment and sustainability in engagement in physical activity ✔
intrinsic motivation is preferable as it is not contingent on a reward ✔
there is a more gradual decrease in weekly minutes spent on walking as motivation becomes more extrinsic ✔
the higher rate of decrease in weekly minutes spent on sports as motivation becomes more extrinsic could be caused by the fact that engagement in sports is supported by more extrinsic motivators ✔
Accept other valid examples from the data.
reflection can regulate emotions that subsequently determine motivation ✔
causal attributions affect motivation for future behaviour ✔
athletes learn to attribute success to internal stable controllable factors
OR
athletes learn to attribute failure to external, unstable, uncontrollable factors ✔
