| Date | November 2018 | Marks available | 4 | Reference code | 18N.3.SL.tz0.11 |
| Level | Standard Level | Paper | Paper 3 | Time zone | time zone 0 |
| Command term | Compare and contrast | Question number | 11 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
List two health risks of diabetes.
1.
2.
Compare and contrast type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Markscheme
blindness ✔
kidney disease ✔
nerve damage ✔
cardiovascular disease ✔
OR
amputation/ limb loss ✔
Similarities:
both forms represent an imbalance of insulin ✔
both can be treated with insulin ✔
Differences:
type 1 is characterised by the destruction of insulin producing cells of the pancreas whereas type 2 is a disease of insulin resistance ✔
type 1 usually manifests in young people whereas type 2 is usually diagnosed in older adults ✔
type 1 is often treated with insulin injections/pump whereas type 2 is often treated through dietary modification/exercise modification ✔
type 1 is often associated with higher normal ketone levels and not associated with excess body weight whereas type 2 is associated with hypertension and/or high cholesterol levels and excess body weight ✔
Award [3 max] for differences.
Examiners report
The issues arising here are common in Option C where students confuse risk factors and health risks.
Candidates are very well prepared in distinguishing between type I and type II diabetes but generally failed to note any similarities.
