| Date | May 2017 | Marks available | 3 | Reference code | 17M.3.SL.tz0.9 |
| Level | Standard Level | Paper | Paper 3 | Time zone | time zone 0 |
| Command term | Outline | Question number | 9 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
In 1982, a study of the incidence of coronary heart disease was conducted in nurses of three different age groups. This was repeated every two years until 1994. The results are shown below.
[Source: From: New England Journal of Medicine, Frank B. Hu, Meir J. Stampfer, JoAnn E. Manson, Francine Grodstein,
Graham A. Colditz, Frank E. Speizer and Walter C. Willett, ‘Trends in the Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease and
Changes in Diet and Lifestyle in Women’. 343: 530, Copyright © (2000) Massachusetts Medical Society.
Reprinted with permission from Massachusetts Medical Society.]
State the year with the highest incidence of coronary heart disease for Group A.
Calculate the difference in the incidence of coronary heart disease between Group B and Group C in 1990.
Compare and contrast the trend in coronary heart disease from 1990 to 1994 for the three groups.
Outline what is meant by the term atherosclerosis.
Markscheme
1986✔
150 − 50 ✔
= 100 ✔
OR
50 − 150 ✔
= −100 ✔
Similarities
B and C both decrease slightly from 1990–1992 / decrease from 1992–1994 / show a maximum in 1992✔
Differences
A always higher than B/C✔
C is always lower than A/B✔
A is lowest in years when B/C highest✔
A increased between 1992-1994 while B and C decreased✔
Award [1 max] for similarities and [1 max] for differences.
damage to arteries✔
atherosclerosis is accumulation of fat/cholesterol/other substances in the walls of the arteries✔
atherosclerosis can cause a narrowing of the arteries;✔
atherosclerosis can lead to formation of plaque✔
disrupts the blood flow which can lead to the formation of blood clots✔
atherosclerosis is a major cause of CHD and stroke✔
allows LDL cholesterol to accumulate✔
