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Date May 2019 Marks available 15 Reference code 19M.1.HL.TZ1.1
Level Higher level Paper Paper 1 Time zone Time zone 1
Command term Evaluate Question number 1 Adapted from N/A

Question

Explain the relationship between the law of diminishing returns and a firm’s short-run cost curves.

[10]
a.

Evaluate the view that monopoly is an undesirable market structure as it fails to achieve productive and allocative efficiency.

[15]
b.

Markscheme

PLEASE NOTE: This question part is not on the syllabus for first teaching 2020/first exams 2022.

Marks should be allocated according to the paper 1 markbands for May 2013 forward, part A.

Answers may include:

a.

Marks should be allocated according to the paper 1 markbands for May 2013 forward, part B.

Answers may include:

Evaluation may include: reasons why monopoly might be desirable (eg possibilities of economies of scale and the case of natural monopoly, the need to innovate to maintain economic profit, ability to finance research and development). Other reasons why monopoly may be undesirable (eg low quality of the products and services, x-inefficiency).

Examiners should be aware that candidates may take a different approach which, if appropriate, should be rewarded.

b.

Examiners report

Many candidates were able to either explain the law of diminishing returns or draw correctly the shortrun cost curves for a firm. Only a few were able to produce a complete answer by explaining the crucial link between diminishing marginal product and increasing marginal cost. The best candidates were able to support their answers with a numerical and/or hypothetical example of diminishing marginal product (increasing marginal cost). Some candidates confused diminishing marginal returns with diminishing marginal utility. Other candidates got off-track by confusing diminishing marginal returns with diseconomies of scale.

a.

The great majority of candidates were able to draw a monopoly diagram and correctly determine the profit-maximizing level of output. Considerably fewer candidates were also able to show (correctly!) on the diagram the levels of output associated with allocative and productive efficiency. Some candidates were able to identify either the positive or the negative features of monopoly but did not explore the both sides of the issues as the question implies.

b.

Syllabus sections

Last exams 2021 » Section 1: Microeconomics » 1.5 Theory of the firm and market structures (HL only) » Monopoly » Monopoly and efficiency
Last exams 2021 » Section 1: Microeconomics » 1.5 Theory of the firm and market structures (HL only) » Monopoly » The advantages and disadvantages of monopoly compared with perfect competition
Last exams 2021 » Section 1: Microeconomics » 1.5 Theory of the firm and market structures (HL only) » Monopoly
First exams 2022 » Unit 2: Microeconomics » 2.11 Market failure—market power (HL only) » 2.11.6 Monopoly
Last exams 2021 » Section 1: Microeconomics » 1.5 Theory of the firm and market structures (HL only)
First exams 2022 » Unit 2: Microeconomics » 2.11 Market failure—market power (HL only)
Last exams 2021 » Section 1: Microeconomics
First exams 2022 » Unit 2: Microeconomics
First exams 2022
Last exams 2021

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