DP Physics Questionbank
C.1 – Introduction to imaging
Description
Nature of science:
Deductive logic: The use of virtual images is essential for our analysis of lenses and mirrors. (1.6)
Understandings:
- Thin lenses
- Converging and diverging lenses
- Converging and diverging mirrors
- Ray diagrams
- Real and virtual images
- Linear and angular magnification
- Spherical and chromatic aberrations
Applications and skills:
- Describing how a curved transparent interface modifies the shape of an incident wavefront
- Identifying the principal axis, focal point and focal length of a simple converging or diverging lens on a scaled diagram
- Solving problems involving not more than two lenses by constructing scaled ray diagrams
- Solving problems involving not more than two curved mirrors by constructing scaled ray diagrams
- Solving problems involving the thin lens equation, linear magnification and angular magnification
- Explaining spherical and chromatic aberrations and describing ways to reduce their effects on images
Guidance:
- Students should treat the passage of light through lenses from the standpoint of both rays and wavefronts
- Curved mirrors are limited to spherical and parabolic converging mirrors and spherical diverging mirrors
- Only thin lenses are to be considered in this topic
- The lens-maker’s formula is not required
- Sign convention used in examinations will be based on real being positive (the “real-is-positive” convention)
Data booklet reference:
International-mindedness:
- Optics is an ancient study encompassing development made in the early Greco-Roman and medieval Islamic worlds
Theory of knowledge:
- Could sign convention, using the symbols of positive and negative, emotionally influence scientists?
Utilization:
- Microscopes and telescopes
- Eyeglasses and contact lenses
Aims:
- Aim 3: the theories of optics, originating with human curiosity of our own senses, continue to be of great value in leading to new and useful technology
- Aim 6: experiments could include (but are not limited to): magnification determination using an optical bench; investigating real and virtual images formed by lenses; observing aberrations
Directly related questions
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16N.3.SL.TZ0.11b:
The incident ray shown in the diagram makes a significant angle with the optical axis.
(i) State the aberration produced by these kind of rays.
(ii) Outline how this aberration is overcome.
- 16N.3.SL.TZ0.12d: The lens is moved to a second position where the image on the screen is again focused. The...
- 16N.3.SL.TZ0.11a: A ray of light is incident on a converging mirror. On the diagram, draw the reflection of the...
- 16N.3.SL.TZ0.12a: Identify the nature of the lens.
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16N.3.SL.TZ0.12b:
Determine the distance between the lamp and the lens.
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16N.3.SL.TZ0.12c:
Calculate the focal length of the lens.
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17M.3.SL.TZ1.7a.iv:
On the diagram draw rays to locate the focal point of L2. Label this point F.
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17M.3.SL.TZ1.7a.iii:
The distance between the lenses is 18 cm. Determine the focal length of L2.
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17M.3.SL.TZ1.7a.i:
State what is meant by a virtual image.
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17M.3.SL.TZ1.7a.ii:
Show that the image of the object formed by L1 is 12 cm to the right of L1.
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17M.3.SL.TZ2.8a.i:
On the diagram, sketch the part of wavefront X that is inside the lens.
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17M.3.SL.TZ2.8a.ii:
On the diagram, sketch the wavefront in air that passes through point P. Label this wavefront Y.
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17M.3.SL.TZ2.8b:
Explain your sketch in (a)(i).
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17M.3.SL.TZ2.8c:
Two parallel rays are incident on a system consisting of a diverging lens of focal length 4.0 cm and a converging lens of focal length 12 cm.
The rays emerge parallel from the converging lens. Determine the distance between the two lenses.
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20N.3.SL.TZ0.11c:
The screen is removed and the image is used as the object for a second diverging lens B, to form a final image. Lens B has a focal length of and the final real image is from the lens. Calculate the distance between lens A and lens B.
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20N.3.SL.TZ0.11d:
Calculate the total magnification of the object by the lens combination.
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20N.3.SL.TZ0.11b:
Lens A has a focal length of . An object is placed to the left of A. Show by calculation that a screen should be placed about from A to display a focused image.
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20N.3.SL.TZ0.11a:
Draw on the diagram the three wavefronts after they have passed through the lens.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.10b: The image observed is virtual. Outline the meaning of virtual image.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.10a: Construct a single ray showing one path of light between the eye, the mirror and the object, to...
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.9c.iv: The screen is now correctly positioned to form a focused image of point R. However, the top of...
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17N.3.SL.TZ0.9b.i:
Determine the position of the image.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.9c.i: On the diagram, draw two rays to locate the point Q′ on the image that corresponds to point Q on...
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.9a.ii: State the maximum possible distance from an object to the lens in order for the lens to produce...
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.9a.i: Sketch a ray diagram to show how the magnifying glass produces an upright image.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.9b.ii: State three characteristics of the image.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.9c.ii: Calculate the vertical distance of point Q′ from the principal axis.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.9c.iii: A screen is positioned to form a focused image of point Q. State the direction, relative to Q, in...
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18M.3.SL.TZ2.8b:
The diagram shows an incomplete ray diagram which consists of a red ray of light and a blue ray of light which are incident on a converging glass lens. In this glass lens the refractive index for blue light is greater than the refractive index for red light.
Using the diagram, outline the phenomenon of chromatic aberration.
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18M.3.SL.TZ2.9a:
Identify, with the letter X, the position of the focus of the primary mirror.
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18M.3.SL.TZ2.8a.i:
determine the focal length of the lens.
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18M.3.SL.TZ2.8a.ii:
calculate the linear magnification.
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18M.3.SL.TZ1.8a.i:
Identify whether the image is real or virtual.
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18M.3.SL.TZ1.8a.ii:
The lens is 18 cm from the screen and the image is 0.40 times smaller than the object. Calculate the power of the lens, in cm–1.
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18M.3.SL.TZ1.8a.iii:
Light passing through this lens is subject to chromatic aberration. Discuss the effect that chromatic aberration has on the image formed on the screen.
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18M.3.SL.TZ1.8b:
A system consisting of a converging lens of focal length F1 (lens 1) and a diverging lens (lens 2) are used to obtain the image of an object as shown on the scaled diagram. The focal length of lens 1 (F1) is 30 cm.
Determine, using the ray diagram, the focal length of the diverging lens.
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18N.3.SL.TZ0.8b.ii:
Hence state how the defect of the converging lens in (a) may be corrected.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.8a: On the diagram, draw lines to show the rays after they have refracted through the lens. Label the...
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18N.3.SL.TZ0.8b.i:
Suggest how the refracted rays in (a) are modified when the converging lens is replaced by a diverging lens.
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18N.3.SL.TZ0.9b.i:
Calculate the distance between the lenses.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.11ai: Construct rays, on the diagram, to locate the image of this object formed by the lens. Label this...
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19M.3.SL.TZ2.11aii:
Determine, by calculation, the linear magnification produced in the above diagram.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.11aiii: Suggest an application for the lens used in this way.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.11bi: Identify, with a vertical line, the position of the focussed image. Label the position I.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.7a(iii): Describe two features of the image.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.8a: State what is meant by normal adjustment when applied to a compound microscope.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.7b(i): Sketch, on the diagram, the wavefront of red light passing through point P. Label this wavefront R.
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19N.3.SL.TZ0.7a(ii):
Estimate the linear magnification of the image.
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19N.3.SL.TZ0.7b(ii):
Explain chromatic aberration, with reference to your diagram in (b)(i).
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.7b(iii): An achromatic doublet reduces the effect of chromatic aberration. Describe an achromatic doublet.
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19N.3.SL.TZ0.7a(i):
Construct a ray diagram in order to locate the position of the image formed by the mirror. Label the image .
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19N.3.SL.TZ0.8b:
Calculate, in cm, the distance between the eyepiece and the image formed by the objective lens.
