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Date	November 2019	Marks available	2	Reference code	19N.2.SL.TZ0.3
Level	Standard level	Paper	Paper 2	Time zone	TZ0 / no time zone
Command term	State	Question number	3	Adapted from	N/A

Question

Outline the cell theory.

[2]

a.

State two functions of life.

[2]

b.

List three characteristics of eukaryotic homologous chromosomes.

[3]

c.

Using the following table, compare and contrast anaerobic cell respiration in yeasts and in humans. The first row has been completed as an example.

[3]

d.

Markscheme

a. cells can only arise from preexisting cells ✔

b. living organisms are composed of cells/smallest unit of life ✔

c. organisms consisting of only one cell carry out all functions of life in that cell/cells perform life functions «at some point in their existence» ✔

d. although most organisms conform to cell theory, there are exceptions ✔

a.

a. nutrition ✔

b. metabolism/respiration ✔

c. growth ✔

d. response/irritability ✔

e. excretion ✔

f. homeostasis ✔

g. reproduction ✔

Do not allow “feeding”, plants do not “feed”.

Mark the first two answers only.

b.

a. linear DNA molecules
OR
DNA associated with histone «proteins» ✔

b. carry the same sequence of genes ✔

c. «but» not necessarily the same alleles «of those genes» ✔

d. both are present when nucleus is in diploid state ✔
OR
occur in pairs ✔

e. have same size/length/banding patterns ✔

f. centromeres are in the same position ✔

c.

Award [1] per correct row.

d.

Examiners report

[N/A]

a.

[N/A]

b.

[N/A]

c.

[N/A]

d.

Syllabus sections

Core » Topic 1: Cell biology » 1.1 Introduction to cells

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Deduce the magnification of the image.
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[Source: BIOPHOTO ASSOCIATES/Getty Images]
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[Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Euglena_sp.jpg, by Deuterostome
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode]

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Calculate the maximum diameter of the stem cell cluster on the micrograph, showing your working and giving the units.

..........
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Three cell types are shown in the micrographs.

[Source: left: UCSF School of Medicine, Courtesy of Prof. D Schmucker. middle: Professor Roger Meicenheimer, Miami University, Department of Botany. right: Courtesy of visualhistology.com.]

What feature distinguishes striated muscle fibres from the three cell types shown in the images?

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19M.1.SL.TZ1.3:
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[Source: Copyright (2007) National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 'A comparative analysis of frog early development'.
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PNAS July 17, 2007 104 (29) 11882–11888; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705092104]

What is the change and which process is necessary for it to occur?
19M.1.SL.TZ1.1:
Which graph represents the change in cell surface area to volume ratio with increasing cell diameter?

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
18N.2.SL.TZ0.5b:
Outline the reasons for differences between the proteomes of cells within a multicellular organism.

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Core » Topic 1: Cell biology