| Date | November 2018 | Marks available | 1 | Reference code | 18N.2.SL.TZ0.2 |
| Level | Standard level | Paper | Paper 2 | Time zone | TZ0 / no time zone |
| Command term | Label | Question number | 2 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Label the area where cellulose is found in the micrograph of a plant cell.
[Source: BIOPHOTO ASSOCIATES/Getty Images]
Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth. Describe the structure of cellulose.
Outline one reason for humans being unable to digest cellulose.
Explain the advantages of having both lipid and carbohydrate as energy stores in the human body.
Markscheme
label placed anywhere along outside perimeter/cell wall of plant cell ✔
a. unbranched/straight chain of glucose molecules
OR
unbranched/straight-chain polysaccharide ✔
b. formed of beta glucose;
c. formed by condensation reactions/glycosidic bonds
OR
1, 4 linkage ✔
d. hydrogen bonds form between cellulose chains
e. form microfibrils ✔
Award marks to an accurate annotated diagram
Do not allow carbohydrate
humans lack cellulase/appropriate enzyme ✔
a. lipid is long-term energy storage
OR
carbohydrate is short-term energy storage/readily available ✔
b. lipids are insoluble, so easier to store
OR
carbohydrates/sugars are soluble, so easy to transport by blood ✔
c. lipids store more energy «per gram»
OR
lipids occupy less space «per energy/kJ» ✔
OWTTE
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
- 17M.2.HL.TZ2.3d: State what change there has been in the cell surface area to volume ratio in red blood cell 1.
- 22M.2.SL.TZ2.2d: Discuss how the use of stem cells to treat hereditary diseases could affect the person who...
- 18N.1.HL.TZ0.22: How are villi, alveoli and nephrons similar? A. They are internal organs. B. They provide...
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21M.1.SL.TZ2.2:
What function is performed by the part of the cell shown in the electron micrograph?
[Source: George E. Palade Electron Microscopy Slide Collection Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library Yale University Library.]
A. Locomotion
B. Synthesis of proteins
C. Movement of chromosomes
D. Breakdown of cellular organelles
- 21N.2.HL.TZ0.3b: Stem cells can be used to treat Stargardt’s disease. State one other condition treated using...
- 19N.1.HL.TZ0.1: Stargardt’s disease, a genetic disorder that causes vision loss, is being treated using...
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.3c: Identify the structure labelled A.
- 18M.1.SL.TZ2.1: When compared to other body cells, which characteristic of stem cells is the most important...
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18M.3.SL.TZ1.3b:
Deduce the magnification of the image.
- 22M.2.SL.TZ2.2a: State the main characteristic of stem cells.
- 18M.1.SL.TZ1.4: Which organelle provides evidence that eukaryotic cells originated when large prokaryotes...
- 18N.1.SL.TZ0.1: If cells of a multicellular organism have the same genes, how can there be many different...
- 18N.2.SL.TZ0.5c: Discuss the cell theory and its limitations.
- 19N.2.HL.TZ0.5b: Discuss whether the tissue shown in the micrograph consists of cells or not.
- 17M.2.SL.TZ1.2b.i: State the function of life in Paramecium that is carried out by: cilia.
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19N.1.SL.TZ0.1:
The electron micrograph shows a thin section through a plant mesophyll cell.
[Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Euglena_sp.jpg, by Deuterostome
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode]What is the magnification of the image?
A. × 75
B. × 300
C. × 3000
D. × 7500
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22M.2.SL.TZ2.2b:
Calculate the maximum diameter of the stem cell cluster on the micrograph, showing your working and giving the units.
..........
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.02b.ii: Identify the type of cell labelled Z.
- 17M.1.SL.TZ2.27: The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive...
- 17M.1.SL.TZ2.1: The giant alga Acetabularia has a feature that suggests it is an exception to the cell...
- 16N.1.SL.TZ0.1: Which feature of striated muscle cells allows them to be considered as a possible exception...
-
21M.1.HL.TZ2.2:
Three cell types are shown in the micrographs.
[Source: left: UCSF School of Medicine, Courtesy of Prof. D Schmucker. middle: Professor Roger Meicenheimer, Miami University, Department of Botany. right: Courtesy of visualhistology.com.]
What feature distinguishes striated muscle fibres from the three cell types shown in the images?
A. Mitochondria
B. Nucleoid regions
C. Multinucleate structure
D. Membrane-bound organelles
- 17M.2.SL.TZ1.2b.ii: State the function of life in Paramecium that is carried out by: the contractile vacuole.
- 17M.2.SL.TZ1.2c: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of adult stem cells.
- 19N.2.SL.TZ0.3a: Outline the cell theory.
-
16N.1.SL.TZ0.4:
What provides evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?
A. Mitochondrial DNA in eukaryotic cells
B. 70S ribosomes in prokaryotic cells
C. Gene transfer from prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells using plasmids
D. Prokaryotic cells (Escherichia coli) in the large intestine digest proteins - 19N.2.SL.TZ0.3b: State two functions of life.
- 17M.1.SL.TZ1.21: Cladograms can be created by comparing DNA or protein sequences. The cladogram on the left is...
- 21M.1.SL.TZ1.5: Which living structure is an exception to the cell theory? A. Striated muscle fibres B. A...
- 22M.2.SL.TZ2.2c: State one therapeutic role of stem cells.
-
22M.2.HL.TZ1.7a:
Outline reasons for the therapeutic use of stem cells.
-
22M.2.SL.TZ1.6a:
Outline reasons for the therapeutic use of stem cells.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.02b.i: Calculate the actual size of the seminiferous tubule in the area indicated by the line across...
- 18N.1.SL.TZ0.3: The images are microscopic views of two similar cells. What is a reason for the...
- 20N.1.SL.TZ0.3: Which sequence has the cells arranged according to their ability to differentiate, starting...
-
20N.3.HL.TZ0.1a:
Calculate the magnification of the image, showing your working.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
- 16N.1.SL.TZ0.2: Which characteristic of stem cells makes them useful for treating Stargardt’s disease? A....
-
17M.2.SL.TZ2.3a:
Outline the use of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) to treat Stargardt’s disease.
- 18M.1.SL.TZ1.1: What feature of both striated muscle and aseptate fungal hyphae is different from typical...
- 17M.2.HL.TZ1.1f.ii: Suggest a reason for the greater expression of the gene for the urea transporter after an...
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18M.2.SL.TZ1.5b:
Unicellular and multicellular organisms share the same functions of life. Outline four functions of life.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.3a:
Using the scale bar, determine the diameter of the nucleus of the cell on the left, giving the units.
- 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Estimate how much smaller drilled oysters raised in seawater at a high CO2 concentration were...
- 18N.1.HL.TZ0.2: Which method provides biochemical evidence that cells have begun to differentiate? A. ...
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19M.1.SL.TZ1.3:
The images show a sequence of changes in an organism.
[Source: Copyright (2007) National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 'A comparative analysis of frog early development'.
Eugenia M. del Pino, Michael Venegas-Ferrín, Andrés Romero-Carvajal, Paola Montenegro-Larrea, Natalia
Sáenz-Ponce, Iván M. Moya, Ingrid Alarcón, Norihiro Sudou, Shinji Yamamoto, and Masanori Taira,
PNAS July 17, 2007 104 (29) 11882–11888; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705092104]What is the change and which process is necessary for it to occur?
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19M.1.SL.TZ1.1:
Which graph represents the change in cell surface area to volume ratio with increasing cell diameter?
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
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18N.2.SL.TZ0.5b:
Outline the reasons for differences between the proteomes of cells within a multicellular organism.
