Most of the surface of the Earth is covered with a wide diversity of ecosystems. Outline two general characteristics of all ecosystems.

Vascular plants can be found in a wide variety of ecosystems.

Outline active transport in phloem tissue.

Vascular plants can be found in a wide variety of ecosystems.

Explain how a plant replaces the water it loses in transpiration.

a. organisms/community plus the environment / biotic and abiotic «components» 

b. interactions 

c. ecosystems show sustainability 

d. nutrients are recycled in ecosystems 

e. energy flows through ecosystems 

f. producers «are part of all ecosystems» 

g. decomposers/saprotrophs «are part of all ecosystems»

a. active transport/pumps used to load sugars/sucrose into phloem/companion cells/sieve tubes 

b. loading in sources/unloading in sinks
OR
sucrose/sugars moved from source to sink 

c. active transport moves H⁺ out of phloem/sieve tubes «to make H⁺ gradient in the leaf/source» 

d. H⁺ gradient used for co-transport of sucrose into phloem/sieve tubes/companion cells

Accept protons or hydrogen ions instead of H+ ions.

Accept the equivalent of mpc and mpd for unloading in the sink.

a. transpiration/evaporation of water causes suction/tension 

b. water sucked/drawn out of xylem «in leaf» 

c. water moves up in xylem 

d. due to suction/tension/pulling forces 

e. cohesion of water/hydrogen bonds between water molecules 

f. movement from roots to leaves 

g. water enters root by osmosis/due to higher solute concentration inside root