“The conflict between Christian-ruled states and Muslim-ruled states had limited impact on economic activity.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?

The question requires that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the statement that conflict between Christian-ruled states and Muslim-ruled states had limited impact on economic activity. Candidates may support the statement arguing that most of the conflicts took place in border areas without impacting on large peasant communities. Candidates may also refer to the ongoing trade in glassworks and silk textiles between Christians and Muslims kingdoms across the Mediterranean, and the presence of Arabic coins in Christian towns, markets, and royal treasuries as proof of the continuity of economic activities. Candidates may challenge the statement pointing out that conflicts affected the mobility of merchants disturbing trade. They can also refer to cases where battles provoked the destruction of lands, towns, and loss of population. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

The question required that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the statement that the conflict between Christian-ruled states and Muslim-ruled states had limited impact on economic activity. Few responses were seen to this question. Those that were seen often needed more in-depth knowledge.