| Date | May 2022 | Marks available | 15 | Reference code | 22M.3op2.HL.TZ0.12 |
| Level | Higher level only | Paper | Paper 3 (History of the Americas) | Time zone | TZ0 |
| Command term | Evaluate | Question number | 12 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Section 6: Independence movements (1763–1830)
Evaluate the military contributions of two of the following leaders to the process of independence: Washington, Bolivar or San Martin.
Markscheme
The question requires that candidates make an appraisal of the military contributions of two leaders to the process of independence, weighing up their strengths and limitations. Candidates may offer equal coverage of either Washington, Bolivar or San Martin, or they may prioritize their evaluation of one. However, the military contributions of two leaders must be featured in the response. For Washington, examples of his military contributions may be taken from the period of July 1775 to the end of the war, including events such as Valley Forge and the siege of Yorktown. For San Martin, his military contributions to the independence of Argentina, Chile or Peru may be evaluated. For Bolivar, an evaluation of his military contributions either to New Granada or Peru’s independence may be proposed. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.
Examiners report
Evaluation of the military contribution of two leaders was an infrequent choice and the responses ranged from mediocre to a few that were quite advanced. Unfortunately, some responses failed to focus on military leadership as required by the demands.
