Evaluate the impact of the reforms implemented by the Young Turks.

The question requires that candidates make an appraisal of the impact of the reforms implemented by the Young Turks. Impacts may extend beyond the timeframe but must be clearly linked to the issue raised in the question. Candidates may refer to improvements in government and the taxation system, social reforms, improving racial and gender rights and creating a secular and progressive society. Considerable improvements occurred in the military, transportation systems and urban development. Emphasis on Turkish nationalism caused dissent in minority groups leading to unrest. Their emphasis on Turkish nationalism led to suppression of political opposition and the emergence of dictatorship. Their nationalist policies led to the Balkan Wars which bankrupted the Ottoman Empire and prevented any further reforms and modernization. Their alliance with Germany led to involvement in the First World War and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.