Evaluate the economic and social developments in Angola under Portuguese rule to 1975.

The question requires that candidates make an appraisal of the economic and social developments in Angola under Portuguese rule to 1975, weighing up their strengths and limitations. Candidates may refer to the organization and the results of the production programme promoted in Angola, or they may evaluate the impact of economic developments on local people. Candidates may refer to the organization of production, considering that Portuguese migrated to Angola to become farmers and that African people were employed as forced and cheap local labour. Other relevant factors may be addressed, for example, the industrialization growth in Portugal based on Angola’s raw materials and the level of dissatisfaction of the Angolan people due to exploitation and repression, but with a focus on the issue in the question. Candidates may also refer to the “assimilado” status, which was in theory accessible to all Angolans, or to the increase in institutional racism resulting from the influx of settlers after the Second World War, and how this discrimination contributed to the outbreak of liberation war. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.