“Wars had limited long-term political impact.” With reference to two wars in the period 750–1500, to what extent do you agree with this statement?

The question requires that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the statement that wars had limited long-term political impact. The two wars may or may not be from the same region. Candidates may offer equal coverage of both wars or they may prioritize their assessment of one over the other. However, both wars will be a feature of the response. Candidates may disagree with the statement and focus on wars with significant long-term political impact via the annexation by foreign powers or via the achievement of independence. Appropriate examples may include the defeat of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, or the First War of Scottish Independence. Candidates may also discuss civil wars, such as the First Barons' War or the Red Turban Rebellion, and consider their long-term political impact for rulers. Conversely, candidates may agree with the statement and consider limited political changes, as seen in the Hundred Years’ War where the House of Valois retained the French crown, or in wars of succession with contenders from the same lineage. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

The question required that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the statement that wars had limited long-term political impact.