“Discontent with Porfirio Díaz was the main factor in the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?

The question requires that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the statement that the discontent with Porfirio Díaz was the main factor in the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution. Candidates may support the statement, considering that a number of policies taken by Díaz affected his government, such as the severe control over local and regional leaderships, the legislature, public employees and the press. Candidates may also refer to the fact that Díaz secured his power by catering to the needs of separate groups and playing off one interest against another as a cause of discontent. Also, the indigenous peoples, approximately a third of the population, were ignored. Candidates may also consider that Mexico’s wealth was not properly distributed throughout the country under Díaz’s administration, since most of the profits went abroad or were enjoyed by a few wealthy Mexicans. Candidates may also refer to the instruments of repression and control used by Díaz as another cause of discontent. Candidates may challenge the statement, highlighting the influence of groups with new political ideas such as the anarchists from Regeneration and/or refer to foreign interventions as a cause of the conflict, as in the case of the US. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

"Discontent with Porfirio Díaz was the main factor in the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution." Considering the merits or otherwise of the statement was a fairly popular question with mixed performance. Responses showed a relatively good level of relevant knowledge but on many occasions, responses were largely descriptive with limited critical commentary. All responses supported the theory of 'discontent'. Emphasis was on issues of land distribution, conditions for the poor (both agricultural and industry workers), favouritism to foreign investors and managerial personnel, etc. However, there was only a limited attempt to connect to the beginning of the revolution and almost none mentioned Díaz' refusal to allow elections or to step down as promised.