“Environmental problems were the main cause of the decline of the Silk Road in the 15th century.” Discuss.

The question requires that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the statement that environmental problems were the main cause of the decline of the Silk Road in the 15th century. Candidates may discuss how environmental changes led to changes in the climate in East Asia. Dryer weather led to a loss of freshwater and vegetation and large areas of land along the Silk Road became infertile. These climatic changes prevented the merchants from travelling. Other relevant factors may be addressed but with a focus on the issue in the question. These could include the opening up of sea transportation, with the option to carry more goods cheaply and with less risk. Candidates may also discuss how the breaking up of the Mongol Empire loosened the political and cultural unity of the Silk Road. The impact of the Black Death may also be considered. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.