Compare and contrast the role of leadership in the emergence of two democratic states, each chosen from a different region.

The question requires that candidates give an account of the similarities and differences between the role of leadership in terms of the emergence of two democratic states, from different regions, referring to both states throughout. Candidates may refer to the role of positive leadership that was influential in the creation of the democratic states or may contrast this with the failures or problems of previous leaders. The different roles of Kaiser Wilhelm II and Ebert in the formation of the Weimar Republic in Germany offer one such example. Candidates may refer to the role of military leadership in the formation of democratic states, for example the role of Garibaldi in the wars of unification prior to the creation of Liberal Italy. The impact of foreign leadership may be viewed as having played a role, for example the role of leaders from the US in influencing Japan post-Second World War and this may be compared to the role of Konrad Adenauer in the emergence of West Germany. Candidates may identify other factors as being more influential, such as the aftermath of war and/or political upheaval; political, social and economic factors or external influences.

The question required candidates to give an account of the similarities and differences between the role of leadership in terms of the emergence of two democratic states, from different regions, referring to both states throughout. Very few responses were seen.