Evaluate the importance of leaders in the emergence of two democratic states.

The question requires that candidates make an appraisal of the importance of leaders to the emergence of two democratic states, weighing up the importance or otherwise of those leaders (be that one leader or multiple leaders for each or either state). The two states may or may not be from the same region and their emergence may or may not have occurred at the same time. Factors may predate 1848 but they must be clearly linked to a state that emerged within the timeframe. A comparative approach may or may not be used. Candidates may refer to the importance of leaders in key turning points, policy decisions, propaganda, the gaining of popular support, development of ideology and in determining strategy. While other relevant factors may be referred to, for example political upheaval or external influences, the bulk of the response will remain on the issue raised in the question.