“Cavour was the most significant figure in the unification of Italy by 1871.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?

The question requires that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the view that Cavour was the most significant figure in the process of Italian unification by 1871. To agree with the statement candidates may refer to Cavour’s strengthening of Piedmont: his successful diplomacy with France (Pact of Plombières) gaining Piedmont a strong ally. There may be mention of the plebiscites in Central Italy organized by Cavour. Some may argue that Cavour only wanted a strong Northern Italian kingdom but was forced by changing circumstance to move to greater unification. Others may argue that Garibaldi’s actions in 1860 and his willingness to cede his conquests to Victor Emmanuel in order to further unification were as important as Cavour’s contributions. Victor Emmanuel was also significant, he appointed Cavour, he encouraged Garibaldi and he allied with Prussia gaining Venetia in 1866 and Rome in 1870 consequently fully uniting Italy. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions should be clearly stated and supported with appropriate evidence.

The question required that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the statement that Cavour was the most significant figure in the process of Italian unification by 1871. There were some excellent responses to this question. In-depth knowledge of the role of Cavour was often provided. In addition, there was developed analysis of the importance of Cavour as compared with that of Garibaldi and Mazzini. The role of other leaders was also discussed on occasions: e.g. Napoleon III or King Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont.